Assignment major - 12

 College :- Maharanishree Nandkuvarba Mahila arts & commerce College 

 Name :- Gohil Niraliba virendrasinh 

 Year :- T.y B.a sem - 5

 Subject :- English 

 Paper name :- study of novel 

 Credit :- 4

 Topic :- persuasion 

 Professor name :- shivani ma'am 

 Unit :- 1&2

 

* Class assignment 

            

                 PERSUASION 

• ABOUT AUTHOR

Jane austen 

Born : 16 december 1775

Steventon, hampshire, EnglandInto middle class family

Died : 18 July 1817 (Aged 41)

Winchester, Hampshire, England

Jane austen was an English novelist known for her keen observation ofsocial menners, class, and relationship . Persuasion novel by Jane austenpublished posthumously in 1817 unlike her novel northanger abbey withwhich it was published persuasion ( written 1815-16 ) is a work forausten’s maturity, Like mansfield park and Emma it contains subduedsatire and develops the comedy of character and manners

• INTRODUCTION

Persuasion, jane Austen’s final completed novel , tells the story of anne Elliot, a woman given a second chance

at love after regretting a past decision. Eight years prior, she was persuaded break of her engagement with captain wentworth due to his lack of fortune. Now , with wentworth returned as a successful naval officer, and anne must confront her lingering feelings and nevigate a changed social landscape, marked by societal expectations and the allure of a new suitor .  

    

 • CHARACTERS 

* ANNE ELLIOT 

Anne Elliot, the quiet and sensible middle daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, is the overlooked yet practical protagonist.Unlike her vain family, she values duty and humility over beauty and status. Though once persuaded to give up truelove, Anne remains thoughtful, wise, and deeply considerate of others. Anne is level – headed considerate of

others, and humble.

* CAPTAIN FREDERICK WENTWORTH

Captain Frederick Wentworth is a brave and self-made Naval officer, admired by many for his character and

success. He values constancy and strength of mind in women. Though Anne loves him, her family, especially LadyRussell, considers him an unsuitable match due to his lower social standing, leading to their initial separation.

* SIR WALTER ELLIOT

The father of Anne Elliot, baronet, and owner of Kellynch Hall. Sir Walter is a caricature of the impractical titled upperclasses. Extraordinarily vain, Sir Walter lines his dressing room with mirrors, and agrees to be seen in public only withattractive or well-born people. Conscious of keeping up grand appearances, Sir Walter spends lavishly and brings hisfamily into debt. A poor judge of character, he is easily fooled by those who would take advantage of him 

* ELIZABETH ELLIOT

Elizabeth Elliot, the eldest daughter of Sir Walter and Anne’s older sister, is her father’s favorite. Vain and statusconscious like him, she values appearances and social prestige above all. By the end of the novel, she remains

unmarried, as no suitor of sufficiently high birth meets her standards.

* MR. WILLIAM ELLIOT

Mr. William Elliot, Anne Elliot’s cousin and heir to Kellynch Hall, is a charming and smooth-talking man who appears

to be perfectly respectable. Shortly after the death of his first wife, he begins searching for a new bride. Though he manages to win back the favor of Sir Walter with his good looks and manners, Anne remains suspicious of his true

intentions.

* MARY ELLIOT MUSGROVE

Mary Elliot Musgrove The youngest Elliot sister. Mary is married to Charles Musgrove and has two small boys. She is high-strung, often hysterical, and always aware of the imagined slights others have done to her. A rather inattentive mother, Mary focuses on social climbing.

* CHARLES MUSGROVE

Mary’s husband and heir to the great house at Uppercross. Charles is a relatively good-natured man who

patiently endures his wife’s trials. He would have preferred to marry Anne Elliot.

* LOUISA MUSGROVE

Charles’s and Henrietta’s sister. Louisa is young and headstrong. She falls easily in love and admires the navy

excessively

* HENRIETTA MUSGROVE

Charles’s and Louisa’s sister. Henrietta is young and fun-loving. Though she is not as decisive as Louisa, Henrietta

sees the charms both of her cousin Charles Hayter and of the dashing Captain Wentworth.

* MR & MRS. MUSGROVE

The parents of Charles, Henrietta, and Louisa. The Musgroves have provided a balanced, happy home for their

children at Uppercross. They are a landed family, second in rank in the parish only to the Elliots. They are

practical and want only happiness for their children. 

* CHAELES HAYTER

cousin to the Musgroves through his mother, comes from a socially lower and more modest background due to his family’s unpolished lifestyle. Despite this, Charles, the eldest son, chose a scholarly path and a vocation in the church, giving him more refined manners. As the future heir to his family’s land, he hopes to marry his cousin Henrietta.

* CAPTAIN BENWICK

Captain Benwick is a melancholic naval officer who is mourning the death of his fiancée, Captain Harville’s sister. Shy and sensitive, he finds comfort in reading poetry. While staying with the Harvilles during his leave, he meets Anne and later turns his affections unexpectedly toward Louisa Musgrove, seeking solace from his grief in new companionship.

* LADY RUSSELL

a close friend of Anne’s late mother, is a wealthy and practical woman who advises the Elliot family. She is mindful

of social class and financial matters, and Anne is her favorite among the Elliot daughters. Though well-intentioned, Lady Russell occasionally misguides Anne with her advice.

 * ADMIRAL AND MRS. CROFT

a kind and devoted couple who rent Kellynch Hall after Sir Walter Elliot is forced to leave it. Admiral Croft is a

respected naval officer, and his wife often accompanies him on his voyages. They represent one of the rare

examples of a happy, long-standing marriage in Austen’s works.

* MRS. CLAY

the daughter of Mr. Shepherd, is a well-mannered widow of lower birth who becomes close to Elizabeth Elliot.

Though not particularly attractive, she skillfully flatters Sir Walter, leading Anne to suspect that Mrs. Clay aims

to marry above her station and secure a place in the Elliot family.

* MRS. SMITH

Mrs. Smith, a girlhood friend of Anne Elliot, now lives in Bath in reduced circumstances. Left widowed and

penniless after her husband’s debts, she is also disabled by illness. Despite her hardships, she rekindles her

friendship with Anne and plays a key role in revealing important truths about Mr. Elliot. Through Mrs. Smith, the novel underscores Anne’s loyalty to true friendship and her disregard for superficial social appearances. 

* LADY DALRYMPLE

Lady Dalrymple and her daughter, Miss Carteret, are the Irish cousins of the Elliots. When they arrive in Bath,

Sir Walter eagerly renews their acquaintance—not because of any genuine affection, but because of their high social status. Despite being dull and lacking in wit, their rank makes them desirable company in his eyes.

* CAPITAL HARVILLE & MRS HARVILLE

Captain Harville and Mrs. Harville

Friends of Captain Wentworth, this couple resides in Lyme and kindly cares for Louisa after her fall.

* MR. SHEPHERD

Mr. Shepherd is the Elliot family’s adviser and lawyer who helps Sir Walter navigate the consequences

of his extravagant spending and mounting debts. Practical and loyal, he offers sound financial counsel.

He is also the father of Mrs. Clay, who becomes a companion to Elizabeth Elliot. 

• SUMMARY 

  Persuasion opens with a brief history of the Elliot family as recorded in Sir Walter Elliot’s favorite book, The Baronetcy. We learn that the Elliots are a respected, titled, landowning family. Lady Elliot, Sir Walter’s wife died fourtee n years ago and left him with three daughters: Elizabeth, Anne, and

Mary. Both Elizabeth and Anne are single, but Mary, the youngest is married to a wealthy man named

Charles Musgrove; they live close by. Sir Walter, who lavishly overspends, has brought the family into great debt. When Lady Russell, a trusted family advisor, suggests that the Elliots reduce their spending, Sir Walter is horrified. He is exceedingly vain and cannot bear to imagine life without his usual

comforts. But with no other option, the Elliots decide they must relocate to a house in Bath where their expenses will be more manageable. They intend to rent the family estate, Kellynch Hall.

They soon find excellent tenants to rent their home; Admiral and Mrs. Croft are wealthy and well-mannered Navy

people who have a model marriage. Sir Walter is relieved that the Admiral is a good-looking man. Though Sir Walter dislikes that the Navy brings “men of obscure birth into undue distinction,” he is satisfied with Admiral and

Mrs. Croft as tenants for his home. Anne Elliot, the middle daughter, is also excited to meet the Crofts; Mrs. Croft is

the sister of the man Anne loves. Eight years ago, she was engaged to be married to Captain Frederick Wentworth, but Lady Russell persuaded her that Captain Wentworth was not of high enough consequence, and Anne called off the engagement. With the Crofts at Kellynch, Anne hopes to see Captain Wentworth again.

  

Walter, Elizabeth, and Mrs. Clay (a widowed, somewhat lower-class friend of the family) leave for Bath. Anne goes

to stay with her sister Mary at Uppercross Cottage for a period of two months. Mary complains often and Anne patiently listens to her sister’s worries. At Uppercross, Anne finds the Musgrove family delightful. Mr. and Mrs. Musgrove have three grown children: Charles (Mary’s husband), Henrietta, and Louisa. Anne marvels at the bustling nature of the household and the Musgroves’ clear affection for their children. Soon news comes that Captain Wentworth has returned from sea and is staying with his sister at Kellynch. Captain Wentworth makes friends with Mr. Musgrove, and he becomes a daily visitor at Uppercross. Anne is at first anxious to see him again after such a long time, but his actions toward her are merely detached and polite. He seems more smitten with Henrietta and Louisa Musgrove. Anne resigns herself to the idea that she has lost Captain Wentworth’s love forever. Captain Wentworth proposes that they all take a trip to Lyme to go visit his friends the Harvilles. While they

are there, a good-looking gentleman takes notice of Anne; they later discover that this man is Mr. Elliot, Anne’s cousin and Sir Walter’ s heir to Kellynch. The group decides to go for a morning walk on the beach. Louisa

Musgrove has a bad fall and is knocked unconscious. Anne keeps a level head and does all she can to care for

Louisa. The doctor determines that Louisa will recover, but she will have to remain in Lyme for several months.

Captain Wentworth blames himself for Louisa’s fall and tries to help the Musgrove family. Anne returns to

Uppercross to help Mr. and Mrs. Musgrove care for their younger children. After a few weeks, she leaves to stay with Lady Russell.

After Christmas, Lady Russell and Anne decide that they must rejoin the rest of the Elliot family in Bath, much to

Anne’s dismay. Sir Walter and Elizabeth care little about her, but they are glad to have her come to Bath. In Bath,

she is formally introduced to her cousin Mr. Elliot, who has made peace with his once estranged uncle, Sir Walter. Though she questions Mr. Elliot’s motives for his sudden apology, she accepts him as a pleasing gentleman. Mr. Elliot is extraordinarily appreciative of Anne, and I t is soon apparent that he seeks to make her his wife. While in Bath, Anne becomes reacquainted with an old school friend, Mrs. Smith, who has recently been widowed and fallen into

hard times. From Mrs. Smith, Anne learns about Mr. Elliot’s hidden past; she finds out that he has mistreated Mrs. Smith and that he plans to marry Anne to ensure that he becomes the sole heir of the Kellynch baronetcy. Mr. Elliot fears that Sir Walter will marry Mrs. Clay, have a son, and thereby deprive him of his title. He plots to ensure that he will remain Sir Walter’s heir. Anne is appalled to hear this news

The Crofts arrive in Bath with news of two engagements; Henrietta will marry her cousin Charles Hayter, and Louisa

will marry Captain Benwick, a man she met at Lyme while she was convalescing. Anne is overjoyed that Captain Wentworth is not promised to Louisa and is free once again. Captain Wentworth soon arrives in Bath. He is now a much richer man than he was eight years ago, and Sir Walter reluctantly admits him into their social circle. Wentworth grows jealous because he believes Anne is attached to her cousin Mr. Elliot. Yet he writes Anne a love letter in which he describes his true, constant, and undying love for her. Anne is thrilled and they become engaged. Mr. Elliot is shocked that his plan to marry Anne has been foiled. He and Mrs. Clay leave Bath. It is rumored that they

are together. There is no longer any danger that Sir Walter will marry beneath his station. Sir Walter and Lady Russell give their approval for the marriage between Anne and Captain Wentworth.

 • THEME  

• Love and Loss:

The central plot revolves around Anne Elliot’s past heartbreak after being persuaded to break off her engagement with Captain Wentworth due to social pressures. The novel explores the lingering feelings of love and regret she experiences, and the possibility of rekindling that love after years apart

• Social Class and Status:

Austen critiques the rigid social hierarchy of the time, highlighting how social standing and wealth heavily influenced marriage prospects and social interactions. The novel contrasts Anne’s family’s vanity and focus on status with Wentworth’s success and earned respect in the Navy

• Consequences of persuasion:

the novel examines the impact of being persuaded to make choices against one’s own desires. Anne’s initial decision to reject Wentworth is a direct result of persuasion, and the novel explores the lasting effects of that choice.

• second Chances:

“Persuasion” offers a message of hope and redemption, suggesting that individuals can overcome past mistakes and find happiness, even after significant challenges and societal barriers.

• Family Dynamics:

The novel portrays various family relationships, including the strained relationship between Anne and her father, her complicated relationship with her sisters, and the positive influence of friends like Mrs. Smith. It highlights how family expectations and dynamics can impact personal choices.

• Gender Roles:

Austen subtly critiques the limited roles available to women in society, particularly in the realm of marriage and social mobility. Anne’s journey highlights the challenges women faced in navigating societal expectations and pursuing their own happiness.

• The Sea and Navy:

The sea and the Navy are recurring symbols, representing both adventure and social mobility. Wentworth’s naval career allows him to rise in social standing, while the sea itself provides a setting for romantic encounters and personal reflection.

 

                           _______

* Home assignment 

 

   Unit - 3&4 

      THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA 

• ABOUT AUTHOR 

Born : July 21, 1899Oak Park, Illinois, U.S 

Died : July 2, 1961 (aged 61)Ketchum, Idaho, U.S. 

Notable awards : Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1953)Nobel Prize in Literature (1954)

 

Spouses :

Hadley Richardson 

Pauline Pfeiffer

Martha Gellhorn

Mary Welsh

Children. :Jack Patrick Gloria

   

      Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, regarded as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. He was known for his distinctive writing style—simple, direct, and powerful—often called the “Iceberg Theory” or the “theory of omission.” Hemingway’s works reflect themes of courage, endurance, struggle, and the dignity of human life.

 

• INTRODUCTION 

     The Old Man and the Sea (1952) is one of Hemingway’s most famous works. It tells the story of Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman, who struggles to catch a giant marlin after many days of bad luck. The novel explores themes of courage, endurance, pride, and the dignity of struggle. 

 

• CHARACTER 

1. Santiago (The Old Man)

He is the protagonist of the novella.

An aged Cuban fisherman, poor and humble but full of dignity, courage, and endurance. Despite going 84 days without catching a fish, he remains hopeful and determined.Santiago represents perseverance, pride, and human struggle against nature.His battle with the giant marlin symbolizes man’s fight to prove his worth and find meaning in life.

2. Manolin (The Boy)

A young boy who loves Santiago deeply. Though his parents stop him from fishing with Santiago (because of his bad luck), he still cares for him.

He brings the old man food, bait, and encouragement. Manolin represents faith, loyalty, and the continuation of tradition—a bridge between the old generation and the new.

3. The Marlin (The Fish)

A giant fish that Santiago hooks after venturing far into the sea. Santiago respects the marlin as a worthy opponent, calling it his "brother."The marlin symbolizes nature’s beauty, strength, and the noble struggle of life. The long battle with the marlin defines Santiago’s endurance and spirit.

4. The Sharks

After Santiago kills the marlin, sharks attack and eat it. They  represent destructive forces of nature, fate, and inevitable loss Despite Santiago’s efforts, he cannot protect the marlin, symbolizing how human triumph is often temporary.

5.  Joe DiMaggio 

 A baseball hero admired by Santiago, symbolizing strength, endurance, and victory despite hardship. Though not physically present, the baseball star is a source of inspiration for Santiago, representing strength, resilience, and hope

 6. Perico

   Perico, the reader assumes, owns the bodega in Santiago’s village. He never appears in thenovel, but he serves an important role in the fisherman’s life by providing him withnewspapers that report the baseball scores. This act establishes him as a kind man whohelps the aging Santiago.

 

7. Martin 

 

  Like Perico, Martin, a café owner in Santiago’s village, does not appear in the story. Thereader learns of him through Manolin, who often goes to Martin for Santiago’s supper. As theold man says, Martin is a man of frequent kindness who deserves to be repaid.

 

• SUMMARY 

 

      The novel tells the story of Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman who has had a long run of bad luck. For 84 days, he has not caught a single fish. Because of this, people in the village call him “salao,” which means the worst kind of unlucky. Santiago lives in a simple hut near the harbor. His only real companion is Manolin, a young boy who used to fish with him. Manolin’s parents, however, made him join another, more successful boat. Still, the boy deeply loves and respects Santiago. He brings him food, helps him carry his fishing gear, and listens to the old man’s stories.

Santiago remains hopeful. He believes that his bad luck will soon end. On the morning of the 85th day, before sunrise, he sets out alone in his small skiff and sails far out into the Gulf Stream. He is determined to prove his skill and strength as a fisherman.

By noon, Santiago hooks a giant marlin, the largest fish he has ever seen. The marlin is so powerful that it does not surface but instead pulls Santiago’s boat steadily out to sea. The line cuts deeply into Santiago’s hands, but he holds on with all his strength. Night falls, and the fish continues to drag the skiff. Santiago feels pain and exhaustion, yet he does not give up. He begins to admire the marlin, calling it noble, strong, and even his “brother.” He respects the fish deeply but knows that, as a fisherman, he must kill it.

For two days and nights, Santiago struggles alone against the marlin. He remembers his youth, his strength, and a time when he won a hand-wrestling match against a strong man, which gives him courage. He tells himself that “a man can be destroyed but not defeated.”

On the third day, the marlin finally surfaces. With all his remaining strength, Santiago harpoons the great fish and kills it. The marlin is too big to fit inside the boat, so he ties it to the side of his skiff and begins to sail home. Santiago is proud of his catch. He imagines how much it will feed people and how it will prove that he is still a great fisherman.

But soon, the victory turns tragic. The blood of the marlin attracts sharks. First, a single shark attacks, and Santiago kills it with his harpoon. But more sharks come, drawn by the scent of blood. He fights them with a harpoon, a club, a knife tied to an oar, and finally with his bare hands. Each time he kills one, more arrive. Despite his courage, the sharks eat the marlin, piece by piece, until only its skeleton remains tied to the boat.

Exhausted and broken, Santiago reaches the shore late at night. He struggles to carry his gear back to his hut and collapses into a deep sleep. The next morning, the villagers see the skeleton of the giant marlin tied to his boat and are amazed at its size. They now realize the greatness of Santiago’s struggle, though he himself feels defeated.

Manolin finds Santiago sleeping and begins to cry at the sight of his suffering. He promises to fish with the old man again, no matter what his parents say. In his sleep, Santiago dreams of lions on the beaches of Africa, a memory from his youth, symbolizing his enduring spirit.

• THEMES 

 

1. Perseverance and Endurance

One of the central themes of the novel is the human ability to endure suffering and hardship in pursuit of a goal. Santiago, the old fisherman, goes for eighty-four days without catching a fish but refuses to give up. His endurance in battling the giant marlin for three days at sea demonstrates his inner strength, patience, and resilience. Hemingway emphasizes that true victory lies not in easy success, but in the willingness to struggle on despite overwhelming odds.

2. Pride and Personal Triumph

Santiago’s struggle is not just about catching a fish—it is about proving his worth to himself and others. His pride as a fisherman pushes him to venture farther out into the sea, and it gives him the courage to fight the marlin. Unlike arrogance, Santiago’s pride is portrayed positively; it is a motivating force that keeps him from surrendering to despair. This theme shows how pride can fuel dignity, purpose, and self-respect.

3. Man vs. Nature

The novel explores the complex relationship between humans and the natural world. Santiago does not see the marlin or the sea as mere enemies, but as noble and worthy opponents. He calls the sea “la mar” (feminine in Spanish), treating it with affection, reverence, and respect. The marlin is admired for its beauty, power, and endurance, even as Santiago struggles to kill it. This theme highlights that humans and nature are deeply interconnected—sometimes adversaries, sometimes companions.

4. Isolation and Loneliness

Santiago is a solitary figure. His young apprentice, Manolin, is forbidden by his parents to fish with him, so Santiago faces the sea alone. His thoughts, memories, and dreams (such as the recurring dream of lions on the African shore) are his only companions during his long struggle. This theme emphasizes that human beings often face their greatest battles in isolation, and solitude tests both physical and spiritual strength.

5. Youth and Age

Hemingway contrasts youth and old age through Santiago and Manolin. Santiago represents experience, wisdom, and endurance, while Manolin represents youthful energy, hope, and continuity. Despite his physical weakness, Santiago’s spirit remains strong, suggesting that age diminishes the body but not the will. The bond between Santiago and Manolin also symbolizes the passing on of traditions, values, and skills from one generation to the next.

6. The Nature of Success and Defeat

Although Santiago kills the marlin after a heroic struggle, sharks devour its flesh before he can return to shore. To outsiders, Santiago appears defeated—he comes back with only the skeleton of the great fish. However, Hemingway presents this as a paradox: Santiago is both defeated and undefeated. He loses the tangible prize, but he wins a spiritual and moral victory by proving his courage, skill, and endurance. The theme suggests that true success lies not in material gain but in the dignity of the struggle itself.

7. Christian and Symbolic Themes

The novel contains religious symbolism—Santiago’s suffering echoes the passion of Christ. His struggle carrying the mast resembles Christ carrying the cross, and his injured hands mirror the stigmata. These parallels highlight themes of sacrifice, redemption, and transcendence through suffering. Santiago’s endurance is not only physical but also spiritual, giving the novel a universal meaning beyond fishing. 

• SYMBOL 

1. The Marlin (The Fish)

The marlin symbolizes ultimate challenge, dignity, and a worthy opponent. Santiago respects the fish deeply, calling it “brother,” showing that his struggle is not just about survival but about proving his strength and endurance. It represents the beauty and nobility of nature, and the human need to test themselves against something greater.

2. Joe DiMaggio

The baseball hero symbolizes youth, strength, and determination. Santiago admires DiMaggio because he plays through pain (with his bone spur). For Santiago, DiMaggio becomes a symbol of inspiration—proof that one can push beyond suffering to achieve greatness.

3. The Sea

Symbol of nature and life itself—beautiful but also harsh. Shows the balance between struggle and harmony with the natural world. Reflects Santiago’s deep respect for life and the forces beyond human control.

4. The Shovel-nosed Sharks

They symbolize destructive forces that try to tear down human achievement.

Unlike the noble marlin, these sharks are mindless, greedy, and wasteful.

They represent how external forces (fate, society, or nature) can destroy the fruits of human struggle, even when the spirit remains undefeated.

• Conclusion

Hemingway’s story is simple on the surface—a fisherman struggles with a fish and loses it to sharks. But it is also a powerful tale of courage, endurance, pride, and the dignity of struggle. Santiago may have lost the marlin, but he wins a moral and spiritual victory because he never gave up.

                             _______

   * Essay 

Unit : 1 & 2 SENSE AND SENSIBILITY 

Answer the following questions.

1.What is Jane Austen best known for?

She is known for her novels that critique the English landed gentry of the late 18thcentury.

2.Who is John Dashwood? 

 He is Henry Dashwood’s son from a previous marriage, known for being selfish andunkind.

3.Who is Henry Dashwood in Sense and Sensibility? 

He is the father of Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret, and dies early in the novel.

4.Who is Mrs. Dashwood, and how does she relate to her daughters?

Mrs. Dashwood is the mother of Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret. She is romantic in natureand very close to her daughters, hoping to see them married well, though she lacks Elinor’ssense of restraint.

5. How is Elinor Dashwood portrayed in the novel?

Elinor, the eldest Dashwood daughter at 19, is sensible, composed, and discreet. Sheoften conceals her own pain to protect her family and serves as a foil to her emotional sisterMarianne.

6.What are the main traits of Marianne Dashwood?

Marianne is 17, emotional, impetuous, and openly romantic. She expresses her feelingswithout reserve and often disdains societal expectations, unlike her more reserved sisterElinor.

7. Who is Margaret Dashwood and how is she characterized?

 Margaret is the youngest Dashwood girl at thirteen. She tries to imitate Marianne’sromantic ideals but is less extreme; she’s caught in the awkward stage between childhoodand adulthood.

8.What is Edward Ferrars like, and what is his connection to Elinor?

 Edward Ferrars is Fanny Dashwood’s brother. Shy and kind, he shares a mutual affectionwith Elinor, but he is reserved and hard to read, often giving her mixed signals about hisfeelings.

9.How is Lady Middleton different from her husband, Sir John?

 Lady Middleton is elegant, vain, and emotionally distant. Unlike her husband, she dislikescompany and finds little interest in others, despite taking great pride in her ill-manneredchildren.

10.Who is Mrs. Jennings and what is her personality like?

Mrs. Jennings is Lady Middleton’s jolly but vulgar mother. She constantly jokes aboutsuitors for Elinor and Marianne and shares her love of company and humor with herson-in-law, Sir John.

UNIT : 3 & 4 THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA

1.Who was Ernest Hemingway?

Ernest Hemingway was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalistknown for his economical and understated writing style.

2.When and where was Ernest Hemingway born?

 He was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.

3.What notable awards did Hemingway receive?

He received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in1954.

4.Who is Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea?

 Santiago is the old Cuban fisherman who is the main character of the novella. Hehas gone eighty-four days without catching a fish but remains hopeful and determined.

5.How is the marlin symbolic in the novella? 

The marlin symbolizes Santiago’s ultimate challenge and also reflects his dignityand connection to nature. Though he loses the fish, it represents his greatest triumph.

6. Why does Manolin stop fishing with Santiago?

Manolin’s parents force him to join a more successful fishing boat because theybelieve Santiago is unlucky after not catching a fish for 84 days.

7.Who is Joe DiMaggio, and what is his significance in the novel? 

Joe DiMaggio is a real-life baseball player admired by Santiago. Although he neverappears in the story, Santiago often thinks of him as a symbol of strength and perseverance,especially because DiMaggio played through pain (a bone spur) and still succeeded.

8.Who is Martin in The Old Man and the Sea?

Martin is a café owner in Santiago’s village who, though never appearing in thestory, often gives Santiago food through Manolin. Santiago acknowledges Martin’sgenerosity and believes he deserves to be repaid.

9.Where does Santiago live and work as a fisherman?

 Santiago lives on the coast of Cuba near Havana. 

10.What kind of stories does Santiago tell Manolin?

 Santiago tells stories about baseball legends and his younger days fishing off thecoast of Africa.

                            _______